luminous flux
a namely light source emitting luminous energy's speed or the light mobility speed (Flow arte), is the explanation light source illumination ability fundamental quantity, the unit for lumen (Lumen). for example 100 tiles (W) the incandescent lamp may produce 1,750lm, , but a 40W fluoresent lamp may have the 3,150lm luminous flux. According to the definition, 1lm is the luminous intensity (l) the 1cd even point source the luminous flux which sends out in 1 steradian solid angle.
Luminous flux ratio
The lamp to ignite under the stipulation condition, the lamp in life period special time's the luminous flux with this lamp's ratio of initial luminous flux, expressed by the percentage.
GB code requests: 2000h is not smaller than 78%.
Overseas advanced level: 2000h is not smaller than 90%.
Star of the US energy: when 40% rating lives is not smaller than 80%.
Power factor
in the alternating-current circuit the voltage effective value and the electric current effective value's product is the apparent power, , but the active power is only a part. The power factor is the tube active power and apparent ratio of the power. The power factor is low, then in the electric current harmonic content is higher, has the pollution to the electrical network, destroys electrical network's trim, the reactive loss increases.
Colored index
light source obviously realistically according to object real color ability parameter. the colored index (0-100) the high light source is closer to the color reappearance the natural primary color. the colored index causes the color distortion lowly. The following is the colored index which the commonly used lamp plants: incandescent lamp: >95 Casts the fluorescent lamp: 65-80 three primary color rear earth fluorescent lamp: about 80 high voltage sodium lamp : 25-60 metal halide lamp : 70-90
Color temperature
When the light source sends out the light color radiates when some temperature the color which is the same with “the blackbody”, the blackbody's temperature is called this light source the color temperature. “blackbody” the temperature is higher, in the spectrum the blue color ingredient are more, but the red ingredient are less. for example: Incandescent lamp's light color is the warm white, its color temperature is about 2700K, but the sunlight color fluorescent lamp's color temperature is about 6400K. unit: Kelvin (K). incandescent lamp's color temperature generally about 2700K, fluorescent lamp's color temperature about 2700-6400K, sodium lamp's color temperature about 2000K. Different photo source different light color composition best environment,
Light efficiency
Light source transforms the electrical energy as the visible light efficiency, namely the light source consumes the light which each tile electrical energy sends out, the value higher expression light source efficiency is higher. (Energy efficiency) the aspect considered from the economy that the light effect is an important parameter.
Unit: Lumens per watt (lm/w).
Incandescent lamp: 8-14lm/W
Single end fluorescent lamp: 55-80 lm/W high voltage sodium lamp: 80-140 lm/W
Fluorescent Lamp Ballast : 50-70 lm/W
Metal halide lamp: 60-90 lm/W
Halogen lamp: 15-20 lm/W
lluminance
The unit puts in an appearance the luminous flux which on receives to be called the of illuminace.
if each square meter puts in an appearance the luminous flux which on receives is 1 (lm), then the illuminace is 1(lx).
unit: Lux (lx). the 1 lux (lx) is equal in each square meter is put in an appearance on the luminous flux is 1 lumen (lm) the illuminace
summer sunlight intense noon ground degree of illumination approximately 5000 lx,
in the winter when cloudless day ground degree of illumination approximately 2000 lx, sunny moonlit night ground degree of illumination approximately 0.2 lx.
Luminous flux
The light source launch and sum which of the energy is received by person's eye is a luminous flux. U
Unit: Lumen (lm), mark PHI.
in the ordinary circumstances, the same type's lamp's power is higher, the luminous flux is also bigger.
Light intensity
Generally speaking, the emission of light is to the different direction , and the intensity varies. the light source the luminous flux which launches in some specific yaw is called the luminous intensity. unit: Candela (cd).
Brightness
the brightness is expressed that the eye sees the object reflected light from some direction the intensity.
Unit: Candela/square meter (cd/m2).
Color tolerance
the line spectrum strong gas electric discharge lamp sends out the light the color to be possible to regard as red, green, the blue three kind of monochromatic lights becomes according to the certain proportion mix. In order to appraise the color light the chromaticity difference, has introduced the chromaticity coordinate method of portrayal, is the CIE announcement chromaticity diagram. to conserves energy between lamp's chromaticity difference, the national standards stipulation chromaticity tolerance is the this lamp chromaticity is qualified in 6SDCM, outside 6SDCM for unqualified
Average life
refers to lamp's light to pass the maintenance rate to achieve request which the national standards stipulated and can continue to ignite achieves when the single lamp life to 50% lamps accumulation time (i.e. 50% lamps in 2 hours 45 to separate, under 15 point pass's test condition expires the time life).
Glare
Glare is because the light brightness distribution not suitable or brightness change produces too greatly the glare effect,it divides into direct glare and reflected glare two forms . The direct glare refers to light which the light source sends out the direct injection human eye; The reflected glares refers to has the light which on gloss wall surface, table, mirror on the object reflect to prick the human eye. Intense will glare will cause the indoor light not to be harmonious, will make the human to feel not comfortably, will be serious when will think dizzy, will lose one's sight short.
Stroboscopic effect
the illusion which the inductance type fluorescent lamp along with the voltage electric current periodic variation, the luminous flux also periodic production strong and the weak change, causes when human eye observation rotation object produces does not rotate, is called the stroboscopic effect. the stroboscopic effect will also cause the human to have the uncomfortable feeling, will cut worker's labor productivity. the electronic formula fluorescent lamp cannot have the stroboscopic effect, is “the green lighting engineering” the product.
Total Harmonic Distortion
general three phase power supply system frequency period (50/60Hz)3 multiple of (3,6,9,12) creates the distortion easily to sine wave of the alternating current, causes to cause the improper big electric current, has the injury to the electric appliance equipment. Speaking of the electronic ballast, various countries safety precaution has stipulated explicitly theTotal Harmonic Distortion, THD the value must be smaller than a specific value, European IEC, American ANSI, Taiwan CNS, Japanese JIS stipulated the THD value must be smaller than 33%, , but divides into the American market the electronic ballast two ranks, THD is smaller than 21% ranks, as well as THD is smaller than 11% ranks. Generally speaking, in massive use computer place or the use precise electronic instrumentation either equipment's place, should use rigorous or the low THD value.
Parallel vs. Series Circuit
when an electronic ballast may simultaneously start lightens 2 tubes, will this time involve to the parallel vs. Series Circuit, if a tube will break down, other tube with will be extinguishing immediately, in its design will belong to the Series Circuit , , if other tube will also continue to shine, then in its design will belong to the parallel design. generally speaking, the parallel needs 2 groups of independent return routes, in the cost high which comes compared to the series 1 group of return routes,, but the design parallel return route is not simple, is mainly must consider works as a tube breakdown, must perform the handle properly, avoids the power or the frequency shift to other tube, if the return route raw sewage has been inappropriate, will cause other tube load to increase, but will accelerate its breakdown the opportunity.
Audible Noise
the all country's electric appliance security specifications all have the stipulation electron ballast noise standard, the noise which the generally speaking electron ballast produces compared to the traditional ballast lowly 75%. the CNS stipulation electron ballast's noise must be smaller than 33db.
Electromagnetic interference/electromagnetism accommodating (EMI/EMC/EMS)
the any high frequency electronic products will produce noise (Noise), the electronic noise disturbance may divide into the conducted interference and the radiation disturb two aspects to discuss that generally speaking, the conducted interference can penetrate power line disturbing effect other electrons or the electric appliance product operates normally, but the radiation disturbance penetrates air disturbing effect other equipment, regarding the electric appliance thing's use, general country's electricity safety precaution will have the formulation to prevent standard of the electromagnetic interference, for example European IEC (EN55015), American FCC PART 18, Japanese JIS and so on to have the stipulation trade to use and the houseWith prevents standard of the electromagnetic interference, is most stern by Europe in this aspect's stipulation, but Taiwan standard examination bureau not yet integrated the other day the EMI/EMC guard standard CNS the standard,will be coordinates two stage implementations, the related illumination indoor lamps and lanterns' EMI/EMC control standard to implement officially in July, 2001. generally speaking, the company store's computer data processing center, uses the precise electronic instrumentation or test facility's place, the hospital, as well as broadcast studio and so on, are very afraid place of the electromagnetic interference, should the ad hoc request use conform to the EMI/EMC stipulation electronic ballast.
Tube type
the low pressure mercury lamp or the fluorescent lamp,
so far is in all electric discharge tube uses the most universal lamp nearly everywhere obviously: uses in the interior lighting like store, the theater, and so on, in social occasion's uses, the civil aspect, in addition also has the street lighting, and tunnel illumination aspect. The more compact tube's theory also transferred the physique application in the home. The fluorescent lamp has the different type, including the specific tube, this kind of tube may use in photocopying, disinfection aspect, examination analysis aspect, many kinds of photochemistry effect processing and effect lighting aspect. But the principle of work is the same. the all different type tube introduces the specific town class installment request which and needs not in this handbook showing. in addition, the tube technical aspect directly concerns with its use's town class installment. low pressure sodium lamp separable 5 parts: Like the chart shows.
Ascending pipe fluorescent lamp
the ascending pipe fluorescent lamp is rests on the low pressure mercury electric discharge principle work (Figure 17). The discharge tube both sides have the seal electrode, after enters the inert gas and the few mercury sufficiently, by the liquid state and the steam two conditions appears. in the tube spreads mix luminous powder again. This transfers the mercury electric discharge's ultraviolet ray the obvious long wave. many different fluorescence powder or the phosphorus powder nearly are useful to any wish's color temperature and the pigmenting property. is different with the incandescent lamp, the fluorescent lamp is unable to receive on directly the power source. must have the equipment which some limiting current flows to meet on the electric circuit is only then good. This kind of equipment may be the HF ballast, or includes starter's electromagnetism ballast. Starts for the convenience, before the majority of fluorescent lamps light a lamp, first preheating, completes this movement with the aid of a preheating voltage. But some tubes, if philip sign's `TL'DENGGUAN, is called as the cold starting the lamp (`TL'S, `TL'R, `TL'X) and preheats the non-starting tube (`TL'RS, `TL'M) requests to provide the specific ballast, these not, in this handbook including includes in content. The cold starting tube provides the HF-BASIC ballast work.
a) the straight line small tube, the light bulb is G5, diameter 16mm (code T5, diameter is 1/8 inch 5 time of values), the length (4-13W) and the ordinary building block module decided by the wattage. the this type tube usually comes by the inductance ballast stably, but the electronic ballast had the market demand, in the near future will be popular.
b) straight line `TL'DENGGUAN, diameter 38mm (code T12), the length decided by the wattage and the ordinary building block module. This kind of tube is called as by `old style ' or `thick ' `TL'DENGGUAN, and comes stably by the inductance ballast. in the majority of situations the standard tube to present tube has been substituted for by new generation `the TL'D, particularly in Europe. In this series tube, might find the special tube type, like `TL'X, `TL'R, `TL'S, `TL'M, `TL'F, `TL'A and `TL'C, some tubes must provide the special light bulb and the specific ballast.
c) straight line `the TL'D tube, light bulb G13, diameter 26mm (code T8), is generally called the `slender configuration ' the tube. What this kind of tube is most commonly used is the sufficient krypton tube, nowadays may comes stably by the electronic formula and the inductance type ballast two kind of ballasts. is natural, `TL'D Reflex, `TL'D Secura, `TL'D the Super 80 new tubes, includes the improvement effect and the lumen protection, within this scope.
d) the new TL5 tube, is one kind compared to the small tube wattage higher tube type, has `the TL'D new tube effect. Compares with the homogeneous tube's standard type, length short 5cm. It provides the HF ballast work. The reduced length is to coordinate the Europe standard equipment limit the ceiling compatibility.
e) this kind of tube has two types: `TL'5 HE 14,21,28 and 35W highly effective tube `TL'5 HO 24,39,49 and 54W high output rating tube.
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